Lab Repotrt Essay - 1656 Words

Title: Comparing fish protein Introduction: Darwins Theory of Evolution is the commonly thought notion that all life is linked and has descended from a common ancestor. Darwins general theory assumes the development of life from nonlife and stresses a purely naturalistic descent with modification. That is, complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time. â€Å"Natural selection is a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits† (Campbell, 2014). How Darwin came about to these findings was by exploring the Galapagos Islands. It took years of research for him to come up with conclusions. He focused on†¦show more content†¦Our first step was that we boiled the samples, AM Std , Kaleidescope Std. for 5min. in water bath, then we loaded the samples into the wells following the guide given which was as follows: 1- 10 ml of laemmli buffer, 2- 10 ml of molecular weig ht, 3- 10 ml of salmon, 4- 10 ml of tilapia, 5- 10 ml of catfish, 6- 10 ml of shrimp, 7- 10 ml of actin and myosin, and 8- 10 ml of the laemmli buffer. To load each sample, we used a P-200 (yellow) micropipette tip to withdraw 10 ml of each protein sample from its tube and gently transferred it into the designated well. After loading all samples, on both of the gels we then placed the lid on the tank, and insert the leads into the power supply, matching red to red and black to black. We ran the gel for 45 minutes at a constant voltage of 115V. When the gels were finished running, we discarded the buffer from the inner chamber, we released the cams, and removed the gel cassettes from the assembly. We laid each gel cassette flat on the bench with the short plate facing

Brooke Johnson. Political Ideologies . Essay 1. 2/24/17.

Brooke Johnson Political Ideologies Essay 1 2/24/17 Differing Perspectives of Liberalism Liberalism is characterized by a commitment to individual rights, toleration, limited government, equal opportunity, and a commitment to free market. There are different forms of liberalism that one may identify with, such as classical liberalism, neo-liberalism, egalitarianism, and libertarianism. Each of these forms have different consequences or interpretations of some of the characteristics of liberalism. Two really key components of liberalism shared among the subcategories are liberty and rule of law. Even though liberals share a broad set of values and preferences, one crucial site of disagreement is over how to best conceive†¦show more content†¦According to Terence Ball in Ideals and Ideologies, â€Å"Liberals see themselves as champions of individual liberty who work to create or preserve an open and tolerant society- a society whose members are free to pursue their own ideas and interests with as little interference as possibl e† (65). Some of the most important ideologists, such as Immanuel Kant, Thomas Paine, John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes are considered liberalists, as they too believed in eliminated injustices. According to Dr Edwin van de Haar, who specializes in the liberal tradition, there are three different approaches that these liberalists take to the involvement of the state when analyzing liberalist liberty, which include: the state should be completely hands off, the state should have limited involvement, or the state should have a fairly large involvement (The Meaning of Liberalism, 2015). While believers of negative liberty feel that there should be a freedom from the interference of the government, on the other hand supporters of positive liberty believe that liberty is the freedom to fully enjoy one’s rights and available opportunities through necessary resources. One main difference between the negative and positive view of liberty is that positive liberty usually requires mo re support from the government. As stated by Ball, in Thomas Paines’ Common Sense, he supported this aspiration for limited government when he wrote â€Å"Society in every state is a blessing, butShow MoreRelatedTeaching Reading Is Rocket Science13428 Words   |  54 PagesFoundation for Reading Instruction / 20 Practical Skills of Instruction in a Comprehensive Reading Program / 21 Opportunities for Supervised Experience / 21 Use of Validated Instructional Practices / 21 Assessment of Classroom Reading and Writing Skills / 24 Where We Need To Go: Changing Teacher Preparation and Professional Development in Reading In Sum End Notes References Appendix A—Knowledge and Skills for Teaching Reading: A Core Curriculum for Teacher Candidates 5 7 9 11 16 25 28 29 30 33

Precocious Puberty Free Essays

The difference between Precocious Puberty and puberty itself is Precocious Puberty is normally found in children between the ages 8 and 11. While puberty normally does not hit children till around age 11-14. The Mayo Clinic best describes Precocious Puberty as: â€Å"Precocious Puberty is when the body changes from that of a child into an adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Precocious Puberty or any similar topic only for you Order Now It includes rapid growth of bones, teeth and muscles; changes in body shape and size; and development of the body’s ability to reproduce. Precocious Puberty normally begins in girls between ages 8 and 12 and in boys between ages 9 and 14. The cause of precocious puberty often cannot be found. † Rarely, conditions such as infections, hormone disorders, tumors, brain abnormalities or injuries may cause precocious puberty. Treatment for precocious puberty typically includes medication to delay further development. There are 5 different types of Precocious Puberty. Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty is very common and affects mostly girls and half of the boys. This is a disorder which is triggered by premature secretion of puberty controlling hormones or higher levels of gonadotropins. Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty mostly affects boys with low gonadotropin levels. Central precocious puberty is not triggered by any underlying reason. It is merely a body response to changes that concern the central nervous system. Isosexual precocious puberty causes the sign of femininity in girls and masculinity in boys. Heterosexual precocious puberty is just opposite of Isosexual precocious puberty which brings the sign of femininity in boys whereas masculinity in girls. Early onset of puberty can cause several problems. The early growth spurt initially can cause tall stature, but rapid bone maturation can cause linear growth to cease too early and can result in short adult stature. Most children, boys and girls alike that have Precocious Puberty end up being less than 5 feet tall. According to Kids Health (1995) there are signs to be on the lookout for. For instance, â€Å"in girls the telltale signs of precocious puberty include any of the following before 7 or 8 years of age include: breast development, pubic or underarm hair development, rapid height growth, and onset of menstruation. In boys, the signs of precocious puberty before 9 years of age include: enlargement of the testicles or penis, pubic, underarm, or facial hair development, rapid height growth — a growth â€Å"spurt†, and voice deepening. † Both girls and boys will have an onset of acne and adult mature body odor. An 8 year old child having such things causes problems for that child. It’s always difficult to be different, and maturing into an adult-looking body earlier than your peers puts a lot of pressure on children. A child I know, Roberta, is only 7 years old and has Central Precocious Puberty. The mental affects it has on Roberta is outrageous; she is a second grader having to deal with wearing sanitary napkins, the â€Å"smell† associated with periods, the self-image problems of already growing breast, among many more issues. This can really wear on a child, especially one that is so young. Roberta is finding it hard to maintain her friends, once they find out about her already having periods their mom’s want them to not be friends anymore. One little girl had been friends with Roberta since Preschool then the mom found out that Roberta was wearing sanitary napkins and told her daughter she could not be friends with Roberta anymore. Roberta’s mom went to talk to this lady, and her response was, she was not ready to have â€Å"the talk† with her daughter yet. It was better they not be friends to prevent Roberta from telling her daughter anything. It is more difficult for girls than boys. Girls have undeniable signs that are visible to everyone. Boys can hide their growing penis and chest hair from their friends, the only thing they cannot hide is their facial hair if that is coming in early. Both boys and girls can have a tough time when they go through pubertal changes. Children who go through the changes at the age of 8-11 while their friends do not hit puberty till 11-14, makes it even harder for those early bloomers to cope. Children with Precocious Puberty may be stressed because of physical and hormonal changes; they are just too young to understand all the changes their body is making. These children will be teased and may end up having body image or self-esteem problems. Girls who reach menarche before age 9-10 may become withdrawn and may have difficulty adjusting to wearing and changing sanitary napkins. Roberta has had problems adjusting to wearing the sanitary napkins and she wants to make sure no one can see them from her pants. It is very confusing and traumatizing for her. Both sexes, boys more often than girls, may have increases in libido leading to increased masturbation or inappropriate sexual behaviors at a young age. Girls with a history of early puberty have a slightly earlier age of initiation of sexual activity. Some girls with Precocious Puberty enter the dating scene much earlier than their classmates. Early-maturing girls may also have behavior problems and a greater risk for substance abuse and suicide. The best thing for the children struggling through precocious puberty is for someone to be there for them, listen to them, encourage them, let them know there are others who are just like them, and what they are going through is normal. It may not normal for their age, but normal none the less. All children go through adolescences. Those with Precocious Puberty are just going through adolescences sooner. In order to diagnose Precocious Puberty the doctor will perform a work up on the child. The doctor normally begins by reviewing the medical history of the family, doing a physical exam, reviewing blood work to measure hormone levels, and taking x-rays of the child’s hand and wrist to determine bone age. When diagnosing a child with Precocious Puberty, a doctor will look at the Tanner Stages to determine where the child is at. Tanner Stages is a system that was developed in 1969 it grew out of a two-decade-long study of girls as they transitioned through puberty. â€Å"The Tanner staging system is named after Dr. James Tanner, who was a British pediatrician. He performed a longitudinal study in which the subjects were observed repeatedly over a period of time in the same context. † (Dr. Greenspan 2006) In an experiment; the girls underwent examinations and photographs every three months. Dr. Tanner and his research group studied the progress and developed the 5 Tanner Stages that we use today. The Tanner Stages deal with both breast and genital development. Roberta (the afore mentioned child) has a Breast Tanner Stage 3 and a Pubic Hair Tanner Stage of 4; this happens more times than not for girls to be more advanced in one area over the other. She is biologically age 7 but her bone age is 11. Girls will have Tanner Stages numbered 1-5; childhood through adulthood. Boys will have only one Tanner Stage, Tanner Stages numbered 1-5; childhood through adulthood. According to the Mayo Clinic (1998) there is treatment for Precocious Puberty. The children can receive a treatment called Gn-RH analogue therapy, usually includes a monthly injection of a medication, such as leuprolide, which stops the HPG axis and delays further development. The child continues to receive this medication until he or she reaches the normal age of puberty. Once he or she stops receiving the medication, the process of puberty begins again. The goal of treatment for Precocious Puberty is to stop puberty from progressing so the child can have a normal healthy childhood. Treatment will also depend on the type of Precocious Puberty and the underlying cause, if known. According to Health of Children, there are several drugs that have been developed for treatment: histerlin, nafarelin, synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, deslorelin, ethylamide, triptorelin, and leuprolide. If parents opt to have treatment, there is some after care that is required. The child will have follow up visits every 3-6 months to ensure that progression of puberty has been slowed or halted altogether. Normalization of accelerated growth, reduction in size of breasts and suppression of gonadotropin levels after receiving Gn-RH. Monitor bone age yearly to confirm that the rapid advancement seen in the untreated state has slowed typically to a half year of bone age per year or less. If parents opt to not have treatment, the child might need therapy to help with self-esteem issues, high anxiety, irritability or even withdrawal. Some studies have shown that not treating children has no effect on them at all with the exception to early adolescences. The best thing a parent can do is to discuss the ends and outs with the Endocrinologist about which treatment if any will be best for their child. Precocious Puberty is something a child can live with. Most importantly, there is help out there if they want it. How to cite Precocious Puberty, Papers

The Tenure Debate free essay sample

For the last one hundred years, teacher tenure has been part Of American public education. The start of the tenure movement paralleled similar labor struggles during the late 1 9th century (Stephen, 2008) and in 1 910 New Jersey was the first state to pass legislation guaranteeing fair dismissal rights to college professors (ibid). The engineers have seen the spread and continuance of tenure to all public educators. Today, tenure is becoming more closely scrutinized than ever due to the importance placed on student test scores, academic progress, and graduation rates. Some teachers argue tenure has become a scapegoat for a whole basket of education and uncial ills (Stephen, 20008). Conversely, others argue that. .. Tenure, more often, protects good teachers from the misconceptions and politics of the job (Sarasota, 2000). When it comes to the issue of teacher tenure, both sides do present valid arguments in their defense. It is well known that there are bad employees at every position in every job. But when poor teachers exist, they can both harm children and the profession. It is well known among teachers that some are better than others. Experienced teachers usually find themselves protected by tenure because it is hard and embarrassing to expose long time weak educators. Many teachers themselves agree that it is very difficult to fire teachers. Between tenure and the documentation requirements, its too hard for administrators to remove any but the very worst teachers. (Closes, 2003, 1 4) All states are taking steps to ensure that only highly qualified teachers are teaching students in their area of expertise. To be highly qualified under NCSC, also known as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (SEES), a teacher must have: 1 .At least a bachelors degree; 2. And Full state certification; 3. And Demonstrated subject- tater competency in the core academic subjects assigned. (Association of Texas Professional Educators [TAPE], 201 0, 1) This means that thanks to NCSC, No Child Left Behind, the problem of poor teachers is being addressed. A weeding out of poor teachers has begun. Still, long time teachers, already hired, are grandfathered into teaching positions. Some of those teachers could be a source of the problem. Long time teachers can develop relationships with district leadership through long time interactions.Sometimes, though teacher skills may fall, corrective action may not occur. Unless reasons arise to call in suspicion of negligence of duty, veteran teachers may be beyond reproach. After all, if a teacher has survived in a district for over twenty years, administration would have to be very poorly skilled not to have noticed shortcomings. That could be a fact that few districts would want exposed. Therefore, a teacher may be put into classes with very strong students that require little by way of innovation and challenge.A gifted and talented environment could be an example of such an easy to teach environment. Educators should celebrate the release of decree teachers provided that due process is followed. Job security should not be threatened without due process. It would be a nightmare for the profession and for the communities that teachers serve should a educational witch hunt occur. If poor teachers are identified, provided plans and training for strengthening their skills, along with adequate time to do so, then the ultimate product should be a skilled professional educator.If the teacher cannot meet the set state standards, under due process conditions, then that teacher should be removed from their position. Poor teachers give the reversion a bad name. Parents need to trust our abilities to prepare their children and safeguard their well being. The few that fail to do so hurt the many that strive for excellence everyday. Parents usually remember and discuss the poor experiences they have with poor teachers more often than they would do with the really skilled teachers. Tenure should protect teachers that are behind in skills, as long as ongoing training and evaluations are being provided. For instance, a thirty year veteran may not be very strong in computers. His/Her skills might be behind today, but that doesnt serially mean the teacher isnt willing to learn skills to become a progressively competent teacher. Once upon a time, the same teacher might have been considered a master teacher in his/her day. Reasonable and decade Tate time should be given for the teacher to obtain training and mentoring so that they can strengthen weak areas.School districts should strive to select qualified applicants for hiring. Every principal wants to have the very best staff on board to help meet campus goals. School hiring committees should be staffed by knowledgeable and competent members. Members should be empowered to make informed decisions, and to serve the process with understanding that the procedure demands their input and questions. Schools should be selective and should follow up with effective observations to ensure that first impressions were substantiated.Highly qualified personnel should be sought and trained to field only the best staff. Administrators should be well trained in appraisal. The administrator should have picked a very strong mentor to assist the weak teacher. Follow up observations and casual questioning of students and parents for quality intro purposes should professionally be considered. The problem with the critique of tenure is that it fails to consider the entire package of compensation that academic faculty receive, or fail to receive, relative to the packages these faculty could earn in other occupations. Many faculty have the ability to succeed in jobs that have substantially higher corn pension than academia. This is most obvious in fields like law, economics, business, engineering, and the sciences, but it applies in a range of fields. Indeed, many faculty who are denied tenure subsequently find higher paying jobs outside f academia. (Minor, 2001) The tenure system provides higher job security than would a for-profit company, but it provides far less in monetary compensation.The major problem with the standard critique of tenure is that while tenure guarantees a lifetime job under most circumstances, it does not guarantee a lifetime of salary increases. The general interpretation of tenure holds that universities cannot fire tenured faculty except for gross dereliction of duty and cannot cut their nominal salaries (otherwise, tenure would be meaningless). (Minor) Tenured faculty who do not publish, who teach poorly, r who fail to perform adequate service will find their nominal salaries held constant while their real salaries fall year after year. Mayor Michael Bloomberg has been on a campaign to make sure that the granting of tenure in New York City public schools is not the pedagogical equivalent of social promotion?something conferred simply for showing up (Teacher tenure tumbles, 2008) Some opposition to tenure, is that without tenure, teachers would be on their toes, at all times. Teachers would not slack off after receiving tenure and become lax. Some schools feel that prior to receiving inure, teachers are friendly, and say hello often. They dress for success, and are always at their best. They attend school functions, and are available to students for extra help.Arguments state that upon receiving tenure, many teachers stop attending school functions, and do not make as much time for the students. Others will begin to dress down, and show up late to meetings. Some schools also would consider the financial savings. Schools would not need promotion and tenure committees. Administrators wouldnt have to read all those books and articles in order to make judgments. Life would be lean and simple. Also, without tenure, there could be more building change. Also, as in any other profession, there are teachers who have made a poor career choice. They should not be given tenure simply because they show up for work. (Checker, 2000) If tenure did not exist, the institution would have to pay higher salaries to compensate for the lack Of security. Without higher salaries, faculty members, particularly those in the high-demand fields of science and engineering, would be tempted to go elsewhere to government, industry, or other academic institutions. (Raise 1999) Without tenure, political sews would play a large role in who is retained and who is not. Many would also believe faculty need job security to encourage risk-taking in teaching and research.Tenure is a legal right given by the state; local boards cannot lengthen the three-year requirement. This fact is another benefit. Another benefit of the tenure law is, you do not have to sign a contract to be tenured; you operate under an implied contract from the school board, and it is in effect as long as you remain employed. The principal can write a letter recommending tenure after the three years. It seems that any other process would leave searchers out to interpretation by others or in danger of losing their jobs with shorter contracts.There is no cost too great for insuring our children are in a safe, secure, nurturing environment. We cannot expect our children to be able to adapt to change as readily as an adult working in corporate America. Therefore, the cost is well worth having experienced, challenging individuals in our schools protecting and nurturing our children. When it comes to settling the squabble over teacher tenure, there is no clear winner. Abolishing tenure doesnt address problems of underfeeding, overcrowding, r improving students home environments (Stephen, 2008).However, -despite more than a century of social progress, the need to protect teachers from the whims (or the tyranny) of the community remains as important as ever (ibid). As education reform in other areas continues, perhaps there may be improvements to make regarding the technical aspects of tenure.. . (Sarasota, 2000) that could provide a satisfactory compromise for both sides of the issue. And both sides should always keep the students best interests in mind because they are the future and are deserving of the best public education that can be offered.